Medical test Wikipedia. A medical test is a kind of medical procedure performed to detect, diagnose, or monitor diseases, disease processes, susceptibility, and determine a course of treatment. It is related to clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics, and the procedures are typically performed in a medical laboratory. Types of testseditBy utilizationeditMedical tests can be classified by what the test result will be used for, mainly including usage for diagnosis, screening or evaluation, as separately detailed below. DiagnosticeditA diagnostic test is a procedure performed to confirm, or determine the presence of disease in an individual suspected of having the disease, usually following the report of symptoms, or based on the results of other medical tests. This includes posthumous diagnosis. Such tests include ScreeningeditScreening refers to a medical test or series of tests used to detect or predict the presence of disease in individuals at risk for disease within a defined group, such as a population, family, or workforce. D Models Of Max. Screenings may be performed to monitor disease prevalence, manage epidemiology, aid in prevention, or strictly for statistical purposes. Examples of screenings include measuring the level of TSH in the blood of a newborn infant as part of newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism,7 checking for Lung cancer in non smoking individuals who are exposed to second hand smoke in an unregulated working environment, and Pap smear screening for prevention or early detection of cervical cancer. MonitoringeditSome medical tests are used to monitor the progress of, or response to medical treatment. By methodeditMost test methods can be classified into one of the following broad groups Observations made by and possibly photographed or video recorded the patient. Questions asked in the taking of a medical history of an individual. Tests performed in a physical examination. Radiologic tests, in which, for example, x rays are used to form an image of a body target. These tests often involve administration of a contrast agent. In vivo diagnostics which test in the body, such as. A-Manual-of-Laboratory-and-Diagnostic-Tests-1304594-1ad10f368c25501ba927.jpg' alt='Laboratory Tests And Diagnostic Procedures' title='Laboratory Tests And Diagnostic Procedures' />In vitro diagnostics which test a sample of tissue or bodily fluids,91. By sample locationeditIn vitro tests can be classified according to the location of the sample being tested, including Accuracy and precisioneditAccuracy of a laboratory test is its correspondence with the true value. Accuracy is maximized by calibrating laboratory equipment with reference material and by participation in external quality control programs. Precision is a measure of tests reproducibility when repeated on the same sample. An imprecise test is one that yield widely varying results on repeated measurement. The precision is monitored in laboratory by using control material. Detection and quantificationeditTests performed in a physical examination are usually aimed at detecting a symptom or sign, and in these cases, a test that detects a symptom or sign is designated a positive test, and a test that indicated absence of a symptom or sign is designated a negative test, as further detailed in separate section below. A quantification of a target substance, a cell type or another specific entity is a common output of, for example, most blood tests. This is not only answering if a target entity is present or absent, but also how much is present. In blood tests, the quantification is relatively well specified, such as given in mass concentration, while most other tests may be quantifications as well although less specified, such as a sign of being very pale rather than slightly pale. Similarly, radiologic images are technically quantifications of radiologic opacity of tissues. Especially in the taking of a medical history, there is no clear limit between a detecting or quantifying test versus rather descriptive information of an individual. For example, questions regarding the occupation or social life of an individual may be regarded as tests that can be regarded as positive or negative for the presence of various risk factors, or they may be regarded as merely descriptive, although the latter may be at least as clinically important. Positive or negativeeditThe result of a test aimed at detection of an entity may be positive or negative this has nothing to do with a bad prognosis, but rather means that the test worked or not, and a certain parameter that was evaluated was present or not. For example, a negative screening test for breast cancer means that no sign of breast cancer could be found which is in fact very positive for the patient. The classification of tests into either positive or negative gives a binary classification, with resultant ability to perform bayesian probability and performance metrics of tests, including calculations of sensitivity and specificity. Memorial Hermann Diagnostic Laboratory located on the Memorial Hermann Hospital campus in the Texas Medical Center, offers a wide array of testing, including the. It is the responsibility of the diagnostic laboratory to ensure the safe and proper disposal of waste that is produced from their work. The waste, if not disposed of. Index of comprehensive articles on medical procedures and medical tests, a listing. Covers all aspects of medicine produced by doctors. Ems Sql Management Studio 2010 For Mysql Crack. Continuous valueseditTests whose results are of continuous values, such as most blood values, can be interpreted as they are, or they can be converted to a binary ones by defining a cutoff value, with test results being designated as positive or negative depending on whether the resultant value is higher or lower than the cutoff. InterpretationeditIn the finding of a pathognomonic sign or symptom it is almost certain that the target condition is present, and in the absence of finding a sine qua non sign or symptom it is almost certain that the target condition is absent. In reality, however, the subjective probability of the presence of a condition is never exactly 1. Most diagnostic tests basically use a reference group to establish performance data such as predictive values, likelihood ratios and relative risks, which are then used to interpret the post test probability for an individual. In monitoring tests of an individual, the test results from previous tests on that individual may be used as a reference to interpret subsequent tests. Some medical testing procedures have associated health risks, and even require general anesthesia, such as the mediastinoscopy. Other tests, such as the blood test or pap smear have little to no direct risks. Medical tests may also have indirect risks, such as the stress of testing, and riskier tests may be required as follow up for a potentially false positive test result. Consult the health care provider including physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners prescribing any test for further information. IndicationseditEach test has its own indications and contraindications. An indication is a valid medical reason to perform the test. A contraindication is a valid medical reason to reject the test. For example, a basic cholesterol test may be indicated medically appropriate for a middle aged person. However, if the same test was performed on that person very recently, then the existence of the previous test is a contraindication for the test a medically valid reason to not perform it. Information bias is the cognitive bias that causes healthcare providers to order tests that produce information that they do not realistically expect or intend to use for the purpose of making a medical decision. Medical tests are indicated when the information they produce will be used. For example, a screening mammogram is not indicated not medically appropriate for a woman who is dying, because even if breast cancer is found, she will die before any cancer treatment could begin. Fussball Manager 2004 Games'>Fussball Manager 2004 Games.